Patriarchs of Aquileia, 557-1752
Patriarch, 606
Partriarch, 1409-1412; 1412-1418
Pope Pius X,1903-1914
Pope John XXIII,1958-1963
Pope John Paul I,1978
The principal city of the Roman province of Venetia et Histria was Aquileia. As the Empire Christianized, the city rated a Bishop and then an Archbishop. In the troubles of the Late Empire, however, Aquileia was hit particularly hard. It was sacked by the Visigoths in 403, by the Huns in 452, and then by the Lombards in 659. Each time, local inhabitants fled to safety on islands in the nearby swampy lagoons, or to barrier and offshore islands. With the arrival of the Lombards, this became a permanent recourse for many. The name Venetia itself became transfered to the city founded on Rialto Island.
Nevertheless, Aquileia survived. The Archbishop Paulinus even began to style himself a Patriarch, after disagreements with the findings of the Fifth Ecumenical Council in 553 and a schism with Rome. The refuge that Paulinus took on the island of Grado, just offshore from Aquileia, however, introduced another kind of division. When doctrinal or political disagreements led to rival Patriarchs, the two sides tended to establish themselves at Aquileia and Grado. By 630 this became a permanent division, with a "Roman" Patriarch at Grado and a "Lombard" Patriarch at Aquileia.
For a long time Aquileia remained the more important city and power. The Patriarchs even became secular rulers of the County of Fruili and the March of Carniola in 1077, and of the March of Istria in 1209. Carniola and Istria soon passed to Austria (1335 and 1382, respectively), and all the lands of the Patriarch came under the control of Venice on 7 July 1420. The Patriarchate was dissolved in 1752 and its authority was divided between the Archbishop of Gorizia (Görz) and the Archbishop of Udine. Today -- as Aquileia has shrunk to a small and forgotten town on the way to Grado -- Gorizia, Udine, and Trieste are the principal cities in the area. It is thus noteworthy that the decline of Aquileia was not an effect of the Dark Ages, as I long thought, but actually of modernity.
Meanwhile, in 1451 the See of Grado was combined with the Bishopric of Costello and relocated as a new Patriarchate to Venice itself. Since then, the Patriarchs have become particuarly important in the Catholic Church, with three of them elected Popes in the 20th century. With the strange history of Venice, itself, poised between Francia and Romania, it is fitting that its Church should survive with an anomalously elevated dignity.
| Bishops of Aquileia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hilarius of Panonia | c.276-285 | ||
| Chrysogonus I | c.286-295 | ||
| Chrysogonus II | c.295-308 | ||
| Theodore | c.308-319 | ||
| Agapitus | c.319-332 | ||
| Benedictus | c.332-? | ||
| Fortunatianus | c.343-355 | ||
| Archbishops of Aquileia, 355-557 | |||
| Valerianus | 369-388 | ||
| Chromatius | 388-407 | ||
| Goths sack Aquileia, 403 | |||
| Augustinus | 407-434 | ||
| Adelphus | 434-442 | ||
| Maximus I | 442-444 | ||
| Januarius | 444-447 | ||
| Secundus | 451-452 | ||
| Huns sack Aquileia, 452 | |||
| Nicetas | 454-485 | ||
| Marcellianus | 448-500 | ||
| Marcellinus | 500-513 | ||
| Stephanus I | 515-? | ||
| Macedonius | 539-? | ||
| Ecumentical Council V, Constantinople II, 553; Patriarchs of Aquileia, 557-1752 | |||
| Paulinus I | 557-569 | ||
| Lombards sack Aquileia, 569 | Paulinus flees to Grado, 569 | ||
| Probinus | 569-570 | ||
| Elia | 571-586 | ||
| Severus | 586-606 | ||
| Candidianus | 606-612 | Ioannes I | Counter- Patriarch, 606 |
| Reconciliation with Rome, 606 | |||
| Epiphanius | in Grado, 612-613 | ||
| Ciprianus | in Grado, 613-627 | Marcianus | in Aquileia, 623-628 |
| Aquileia | Grado | ||
| Fortunatus | 628-663 | Primogenius | 630-648 |
| Maximus II | 649 | ||
| Felix of Aquileia | 649-? | ||
| Ioannes II | 663-? | Stephanus II | 670-? |
| Agathon | 679-680 or 679-? | ||
| Ioannes III | 680-? | Christophoros | 685-? |
| Petrus I | 698-700 | Unknown | |
| Serenus | 711-723 | ||
| Calixtus | 726-734 | ||
| vacant or unknown, 734-772 | |||
| Siguald | 772-776 | ||
| Paulinus II | 776-802 | ||
| Ursus I | 802-811 | ||
| Manentius | 811-833 | ||
| Andreas | 834-844 | ||
| Venantius | 850-? | ||
| Theutmar | 855-? | ||
| Lupus I | 855-? | ||
| Valpert | 875-899 | ||
| Fredericus I | 901-922 | ||
| Leo of Aquileia | 922-927 | ||
| Ursus II | 928-931 | ||
| Lupus II | 932-944 | ||
| Engelfred | 944-963 | ||
| Rodoald | 963-984 | ||
| Ioannes IV of Ravena | 984-1017 | ||
| Poppo/ Wolfgang | 1019-1045 | ||
| Eberhard | 1045-1049 | ||
| Gotebald | 1049-1063 | ||
| Ravengerius | 1063-1068 | ||
| Sigeard of Beilstein | 1068-1077 | ||
| Henry of Aquileia | 1077-1084 | ||
| Frederick II of Moravia | 1084-1085 | ||
| Ulrich I of Eppenstein | 1086-1121 | ||
| Gerard I | 1122-1128 | ||
| Pilgrim I of Ortenbourg | 1130-1161 | ||
| Ulrich II of Treven | 1161-1181 | ||
| Gottfried | 1182-1194 | ||
| Pilgrim II | 1195-1204 | ||
| Wolgfar of Leibrechtskirchen | 1204-1218 | ||
| Berthold of Meran | 1218-1251 | ||
| Gregorio of Montelongo | 1251-1269 | ||
| Philipp I of Carinthia | 1269-1273 | ||
| Raimondo of Torre | 1273-1299 | ||
| Pietro II Gerra | 1299-1301 | ||
| Ottobuono of Razzi | 1302-1315 | Giles | early 1300's |
| Gaston of Torre | 1316-1318 | Latin Patriarch of Alexandria | |
| Paganus of Torre | 1319-1332 | Unknown | |
| Bertram of St. Genesius | 1334-1350 | ||
| Nicolas of Luxemburg | 1350-1358 | ||
| Ludovicus I of Torre | 1359-1365 | ||
| Marquard of Randelle | 1365-1381 | ||
| Philippe II of Alençon | 1381-1387 | ||
| Jan V Sobieslaw of Moravia | 1387-1394 | ||
| Antonio I Gaetani | 1394-1402 | ||
| Antonio II Panciera | 1402-1412 | ||
| Antonio III of Ponte | Counter- Partriarch, 1409-1412; 1412-1418 | ||
| Ludwig II of Teck | 1412-1439 | ||
| Ludovicus III Scarampi-Mezzarota | 1439-1465 | Domenico Michel | ?-1451 |
| Marco I Barco | 1465-1491 | Patriarchate of Grado and Bishopric of Castello become Patriarchate of Venice | |
| St. Lawrence Justinian | Bishop of Castello, 1544-1451 | ||
| Patriarch of Venice, 1451-1456 | |||
| Maffio Contarini | 1456-1460 | ||
| Andrea Bondimerio | 1460-1464 | ||
| Gregorio Correr | 1464 | ||
| Giovanni Barozzi | 1465-1466 | ||
| Ermolaio I Barbaro | 1491-1493 | Maffeo Gherardi or Girardi | 1466-1492 |
| Niccolo II Donati | 1493-1497 | Tomaso Dona | 1492-1504 |
| Domenico Grimani | 1498-1517 | Antonio Soriano | 1504-1508 |
| Alvise Contarini | 1508 | ||
| Antonio Contarini | 1508-1524 | ||
| Marino Grimani | 1517-1529, 1533-1545 | Geronimo Quirni | 1524-1554 |
| Marco II Grimani | 1529-1533 | ||
| Giovanni VI Grimani | 1545-1550, 1585-1593 | PierFrancesco Contarini | 1554-1555 |
| Daniel I Barbaro | 1550-1574 | Vincenzo Diedo | 1556-1559 |
| Aloisio Giustiniani | 1574-1585 | Giovanni Trevisano | 1560-1590 |
| Francesco Barbaro | 1593-1616 | Lorenzo Priuli | 1591-1600 |
| Matteo Zane | 1600-1605 | ||
| Francesco Vendramin | 1608-1616 | ||
| Ermolaio II Barbaro | 1616-1622 | Giovanni Tiepolo | 1619-1631 |
| Antonio IV Grimani | 1622-1628 | ||
| Agostino Gradenigo | 1628-1629 | Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cardinal Cornaro | 1631-1644 |
| Marco III Gradenigo | 1629-1656 | GianFrancesco Morosini | 1644-1678 |
| Hieronimo Gradenigo | 1656-1658 | Alvise Sagredo | 1678-1688 |
| Giovanni VII Dolfino | 1658-1699 | Gianalberto Badoaro | 1688-1714 |
| Dionisio Dolfino | 1699-1734 | Piero Barbarigo | 1706-1725 |
| Marco Gradenigo | 1725-1734 | ||
| Daniel II Dolfino | 1734-1751 | Francesco Antonio Correr | 1734-1741 |
| Archbishop of Udine, 1752-1762 | Aloysius Foscari | 1741-1758 | |
| See divided between Archbishop of Udine & Archbishop of Gorizia, 1752 | Giovanni Bragadin | 1758-1775 | |
| Patriarchs of Venice | |||
| Fridericus Maria Giovanelli | 1776–1800 | ||
| Ludovico Flangini Giovanelli | 1801–1804 | ||
| Nicolaus Xaverius Gamboni | 1807–1808 | ||
| Francesco Milesi | 1816–1819 | ||
| Giovanni Ladislaus Pryker, O. Cist. | 1820-1826 | ||
| Giacomo Cardinal Monico | 1827-1851 | ||
| Angelo Ramazzotti | 1858-1861 | ||
| Giuseppe Cardinal Trevisanato | 1862-1877 | ||
| Domenico Cardinal Agostini | 1877-1891 | ||
| Guiseppe Melchiorre Cardinal Sarto | 1896-1903 | ||
| Pope Pius X, 1903-1914 | |||
| Aristide Cardinal Cavallari | 1904-1914 | ||
| Pietro Cardinal La Fontaine | 1915-1935 | ||
| Adeodato Giovanni Cardinal Piazza | 1936-1948 | ||
| Carlo Agostini | 1949-1952 | ||
| Angelo Giuseppe Cardinal Roncalli | 1953-1958 | ||
| Pope John XXIII, 1958-1963 | |||
| Giovanni Cardinal Urbani | 1958-1969 | ||
| Albino Cardinal Luciani | 1970-1978 | ||
| Pope John Paul I, 1978 | |||
| Marco Cardinal Cé | 1979-2002 | ||
| Angelo Cardinal Scola | 2002-present | ||
Venice survives as one of the "minor Patriarchates" within the Western, Catholic Church. Others include Lisbon and the "Patriarch of the East Indies" at Goa, in India. These may be contasted with the autonomous or "autocephalous" Patriarchates of the Eastern Churches, like Constantinople, Jerusalem, Bulgaria, etc.
These lists are from Wikipedia, the free on-line encyclopedia and at http://www.gcatholic.com/hierarchy/patriarchs-venice.htm, the Giga Catholic Information. Originally, I found the lists of Patriarchs of Venice to be incomplete. Now they seem to have been filled in. However, the list of Patriarchs of Grado from 670 to 1451 is still mostly empty. I do not know if these figures are actually unknown, which seems unlikely, or if the list simply has not yet been transcribed from the sources into an accessible venue.
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